The Super Rice Challenge Essay Example For Students

The Super Rice Challenge Essay Rice is the principle nourishment for around 33% to one-portion of the universes populace. A develop rice plant is generally two to six feet tall. At the outset, one shoot shows up. It is trailed by one, two, or more branches creating. There are in any event five or six empty joints for each tail, and a leaf for each joint. The leaf of the rice plant is for quite some time, pointed, level, and hardened. The most noteworthy join of the rice plant is known as the panicle. The rice grains create from the panicles. (Jodon, 300) Rice is grouped in the grass family Gramineae. Its sort is Oryza and species O. sativa. It is normally developed for food in Asia. A few assortments of rice incorporate red rice, glutinous rice, and wild rice. (Jodon, 303) The portion inside the grain contains a large portion of the nutrients and minerals (298). The bit contains thiamine, niacin, and riboflavin (299). Rice has numerous adversaries that wreck a dominant part of the rice crops. The hatchlings of moth, stem borers, live in the stems of the rice plants. We will compose a custom paper on The Super Rice Challenge explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now A few bugs suck the plant squeezes or bite the leaves. Feathered creatures, for example, bobolink, Java sparrow, or paddybird, would eat the seeds or grains. Infection causing elements, for example, organisms, roundworms, infections, and microbes additionally devastate the rice plants. Impact ailment is brought about by organisms which causes the panicles containing the grains to break. (Jodon, 300) There are different sorts of rice developed everywhere throughout the world. A lion's share of rice developed is developed rice. At the point when rice is developed with water remaining on the fields, it is called marsh, wet, or flooded rice. Rice plants developed in specific pieces of Asia, South America, and Africa are called upland, slope, or dry rice since they are raised on raised grounds that can't be overflowed, however with abundant precipitation. Wild rice is developed along lake shores of Canada and the Great Lakes. It is normally eaten by individuals in India. Scented rice is the most costly on the grounds that is has long grains and tastes like popcorn when cooked. Glutinous rice is waxy rice devoured by Asians. It is cooked to a clingy glue and is utilized for cakes and sugary treats. (Jodon, 299) Rice was thought to have started in southeast Asia when Alexander the Great attacked India in 326 B. C(Jodon, 303). Further exploration uncovered that rice was developed around or at the Yangtze River in China, around 4000 to 11,500 years back. One excavator, Toyama, studied information on 125 examples of rice grains, plant remains, husks, and different components from various destinations along the length of the Yangtze River. He revealed that the most established examples. . . are bunched along the center Yangtze in Hubei and Hunan areas. Tests from the upper and lower segments of the Yangtze River were seen as more youthful, around 4,000 to 10,000 years of age. This example. . .proposes that rice development began in the center Yangtze and spread from that point. Archeologists see over a time of removal of the Yangtze River and close by destinations to affirm that the Yangtze River is the place rice was first developed. (Normille, 309) The Greeks scholarly of rice when Alexander the Great attacked India around 326 B. C. Spain was acquainted with rice when it was vanquished by the Moors during the 700s A. D. Spain at that point acquainted rice with Italy, around the 1400s. The Spanish additionally acquainted rice with the West Indies and South America, around the 1600s. Rice was acquainted with the United States when a Madagascar transport docked in the Charleston, South Carolina harbor. The boat commander gave the senator a sack of seed rice. It was then developed in states south of the Ohio River and east of Mississippi. .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d , .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d .postImageUrl , .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d , .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d:hover , .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d:visited , .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d:active { border:0!important; } .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d:active , .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d:hover { mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uec6eb210d 0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uec6eb210d0d67f1f5425c79460b6ee0d:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Domestic Violence Essay Paper (Jodon, 303) Rice is generally developed in swamp fields partitioned by earth dividers (Jodon, 300) A greater part of the rice crops are developed with water remaining on the fields (Jodon, 299). On level land, these paddies and earth dividers are worked in wavy or straight lines. On slope like land, they follow the slants and structure paddies that ascent like advances. The earth dividers are utilized to hold in water for the fields. (300) Development of the rice plant requires controlling the water flexibly .

Eternal Light free essay sample

Another â€Å"wayfarer† is Victor Frankenstein, who is taking a stab at â€Å"eternal light,† however in another perspective. He is the â€Å"Modern Prometheus,† yearning to â€Å"pour a deluge of light into our dim world,† while making an individual †a deed, which is characteristic for God (26). His creation is the third member in the â€Å"journey† to â€Å"eternal light. † He is anonymous, or all the more frequently called the animal, the beast, the knave, or the one with â€Å"unearthly ugliness† (55). Victor’s creation additionally dreams for â€Å"eternal light† in the importance of unadulterated love or satisfaction, yet he is constrained to follow the opposite heading †to â€Å"darkness and distance† (134). The three meet each other at the â€Å"land of fog and snow,† where their â€Å"journey† closes, where the fringe among conceivable and regular lies, among dream and reality, among virtuoso and humanity, among God and humankind, between â€Å"a nation of unceasing light† and â€Å"darkness and separation. † The character, responsible for the novel’s dramatization, is Victor Frankenstein, an understudy in humanities. We will compose a custom article test on Interminable Light or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page â€Å"A conceivable understanding of the name Victor gets from the sonnet Paradise Lost by John Milton, an extraordinary effect on Shelley (a citation from Paradise Lost is on the initial page of Frankenstein and Shelley even permits the beast himself to understand it). Milton every now and again alludes to God as ‘the Victor’ in Paradise Lost, and Shelley considers Victor to be playing God by making life† (Wikipedia). As a divine being Victor is resolved to bless humanity: â€Å"Yet my heart flooded with thoughtfulness, and the adoration for uprightness. I had started existence with kindhearted aims, and yearned for the second when I should place them practically speaking, and make myself helpful to my individual beings† (50). Additionally, as Prometheus, he gives the world â€Å"a sparkle of being† (28). Outfitting the world with such extraordinary force Frankenstein should assume the liability of maker and assist his with gifting be helpful not ruinous. Anyway he misuses it. At the point when he is fifteen, he witnesses â€Å"a generally brutal and awful thunderstorm,† which â€Å"utterly destroys† a â€Å"old and wonderful oak† (18). This occasion could be deciphered as a mention to how pestilential this â€Å"spark of being† could be. As Miglena Nikolchina fights, the â€Å"serious ailment† is â€Å"in the man alone, attempted the ‘godlike’ capacity to be a maker, yet in numerous regards youthful for it† (57). The solid purpose behind the animal being â€Å"spurned at, and kicked, and stomped on on† is his physical grotesqueness (133). Why Frankenstein’s creation is revolting? As per Cvetan Stoyanov, â€Å"Ugliness is in reality estrangement, floating away from the indispensable standard †natural couldn't be monstrous, violating and murdering it is ugly† (206). Something, frequently refered to in association with Shelley’s work is a sentence where the ideal craftsman is portrayed as an ethically flawless man, as a â€Å"second maker, perfect Prometheus under the sky of Jupiter† (Shaftsbury 207). In this regard Miglena Nikolchina thinks about Frankenstein as an unskilled craftsman, since he isn't â€Å"morally perfect† and shows this as an explanation behind the monster’s offensiveness. She guarantees that the Frankenstein’s ethical quality isn't one of a maker, however one of a standard man. â€Å"Frankenstein has not liked that adoration †to be specific love and just love his creation needs †is the principal normal for maker. † â€Å"Ugliness turns out the sign, deserted by the maker who mixes life, yet doesn't figure out how to come to cherish it and in this manner calls forward death, for it is beyond the realm of imagination the destined for living to be made without affection, and has no imperativeness what is denied of the kindness to be loved† (Nikolchina 79-82). Victor’s visual deficiency about the monster’s blameless nature is more hurtful than the physical visual impairment. The visually impaired De Lacey is the main man who sees the beasts great goals. About the structure of the novel Nikolchina offers an intriguing definition. It is â€Å"constructed as though of concentric circles of ice. The cruising toward the North Pole is the external circle, which fill in as a casing of Frankenstein’s story. The discussion between the beast and Frankenstein among the ocean of ice close Chamounix is the casing of the monster’s story, which is the center of the novel† (Nikolchina 86). The focal piece of his story is when in the wake of torching the cabin of De Lacey he ponders: â€Å"And now, with the world before me, whither would it be a good idea for me to twist my means? (80). In the future he begins chasing for his maker and starts estranging from his regular honesty. The animal wends his way toward â€Å"darkness and separation. † The changing nature proves his ethical breakdown: â€Å"I voyaged uniquely around evening time, dreadful of experiencing the appearance of an individual. Nature rotted around me, and the sun got heatless; downpour and snow poured around me; forceful streams were solidified; the outside of the earth was hard, and chill, and exposed, and I found no shelter† (81). â€Å"Advancing into experience,† Miglena Nikolchina clarifies, â€Å"is going into a center of cold as well† (87). She recommends two perspectives in investigating the job of ice. First it could be viewed as â€Å"a incomparable, inaccessible, unsusceptible to changes reality. It raises Frankenstein ‘from all modesty of feeling,’ it fills him with ‘a magnificent joy that offers wings to the spirit, and permits it to take off from the dark world to light and joy’† (Nikolchina 87). Such an everlasting and limitless is the image before Robert Walton as well: â€Å"†¦the district of magnificence and joy. †¦the sun is for ever noticeable; its expansive plate simply avoiding the skyline, and diffusing a ceaseless quality. The explorer’s trusts are incredible to the point that they turn out dreams †he envisions a completely unbelievable North Pole: â€Å"†¦there day off ice are ousted; and, cruising over a quiet ocean, we might be floated to a land outperforming in ponders and in excellence each area until now found on the livable globe† (2). The Modern Prometheus picks the â€Å"wild and baffling regions† to â€Å"the tamer scenes of nature† (11). He goes past the possibilities of conventional individuals, be that as it may, pointing not at respecting of the Great Nature, however at picking up the heavenly insider facts. While Elizabeth mulls over â€Å"with a genuine and fulfilled soul the superb appearances of things,† Victor delights â€Å"in exploring their causes. † Elizabeth follows â€Å"the flying manifestations of the poets† and â€Å"in the glorious and wondrous scenes† she finds â€Å"ample scope for appreciation and delight,† while Victor is â€Å"capable of a progressively serious application,† and is â€Å"more profoundly stricken with the hunger for knowledge† (15). He hoists his astuteness, however not his spirit. He doesn't understand that new conceived (for his creation develops in a totally new world) needs love and participation. Endeavoring to interminable light,† he experiences â€Å"impenetrable murkiness. † Night is shutting around,† †dark are the mountains,† â€Å"heavens are clouded† (40-41). The â€Å"spark of being† turns out a terrible fetus removal. â€Å"Thick fogs conceal the highest points of the mountains† (54). Frankenstein falls into â€Å"deep, dull, deathlike solitude† (50). Enduring â€Å"the unceasing twinkling of the stars weighed upon him,† as opposed to enchanting â€Å"eternal light,† he shouts: â€Å"Oh! stars, and mists, and winds, ye are going to ridicule me: if ye truly feel sorry for me, squash sensation and memory; let me become as nothing; however on the off chance that not, withdraw, withdraw, and leave me in darkness† (87). The glorious scenes offer approach to horrifying â€Å"dusky plain† (124). The other part of the ice, concurring Nikolchina, is â€Å"something desolate and inert; like a force, which is unfriendly to life; like muteness† (88). Yearning retribution, Victor leaves from land and â€Å"pursues his excursion over the ocean toward a path that prompts no land,† â€Å"†¦the snows thicken and the virus increments in a degree excessively serious to support†¦ The streams were secured with ice and no fish could be procured† (123). The nature is by all accounts aroused and acts against Frankenstein: â€Å"Immense and tough piles of ice frequently banished up my section, and I regularly heard the roar of the ground ocean which undermined my destruction† (124). It appears he has stepped on some concealed outskirt that can not be crossed. â€Å"When he shows up nearly inside handle of his enemy, his expectations are out of nowhere quenched, [ ]. The breeze emerges; the ocean thunders; and, similarly as with the relentless stun of a seismic tremor, it parts and breaks with a gigantic and overpowering sound. The work is before long completed: in no time flat a turbulent ocean moves among him and his foe, and he is left floating on a dispersed bit of ice, that is constantly decreasing, and therefore planning for him a repulsive death† (124). â€Å"Walton is likewise encircled by piles of ice which concede to no way out and compromise each second to squash his vessel† (127). The circumstance with the â€Å"unearthly† animal is anyway unique. The surge of his profound improvement is in opposition to the ones of Frankenstein and Walton. Through the sobriquet â€Å"unearthly† Shelley differe

Strategies for Effective Note-Taking

Strategies for Effective Note-Taking Do you want to make your note-taking more effective? Do you want to make your note-taking more effective? Effective note taking in university and college can mean the difference between being at the top of the class and in the mid-range. For some reason, note-taking is not part of the general curriculum in high school, which means many students enter the college environment with a lack of knowledge around how to take effective notes. Learning how to write proper notes is an invaluable skill; however, it is easy to learn. Once you learn this skill, repetition will help you improve over time. There are many tried and true methods of note-taking. Here we discuss some of these approaches and how you can use them to enhance your study. Here are some tips to consider before attending class: Come Prepared Before beginning class, your first step is to plan. If your professor has provided you with a syllabus, use that to become familiar with the topic or topics for that day. Prepare further by taking the time to skim or read the required readings for that day. When you read the information about a topic before going to class, you are more likely to retain the information the professor introduces. You will already know the material, and you will know what to expect. In this sense, you will be prepared to engage with the content, which in the long term is going to help you with retention. Although this may seem obvious, make sure that you prepare for class in a literal way. In other words, make sure you pack all the essentials: books, pens, pencils, and notebooks. You might also want to bring your laptop if that is something that you find helpful. Packing water and a midday snack is a good idea. Snacks filled with good healthy fats and complex carbohydrates will ascertain that you are full. Water will help you stay hydrated so you will remain focused throughout your class. Maintain a Positive Mindset Before attending class, take some time to get yourself into a positive mindset. Maybe you meditate for 5 minutes or go for a short walk. Listening to music may be beneficial to some people. Regardless of what works for you, figure it out, and do it. When you attend class with a positive frame of mind, you will manage to retain more information. Your brain will thank you later when youre able to recall more material when you’re reviewing. When youre in that positive mindset, youre more apt to absorb the lecture. Try Different Strategies Once you’re ready for class, there are a variety of methods you can use to approach note-taking. Not every technique is going to work for each person, so try different ones and figure out what works best for you. The first question to consider regarding note taking is whether or not you will use your computer. Although the computer may seem like a faster way to jot down what the professor is discussing, research has proven that using a pen and paper assist with retention. Depending on your approach to learning you may choose either of these methods. However, if youre easily distracted, it is recommended that you use the manual mode of taking notes using a pen and paper. Manually writing your notes will help you to avoid the tendency toward accessing the Internet or chatting with friends while in class on your computer. Here are some effective note Taking Strategies The Outline Method To use the Outline Method, make five headings for topics you know will be covered in class. Under each heading make bullet points which include subtopics and information as provided in the professors lecture. This technique simple and straightforward. However, it can be challenging to review notes later if you choose this method. The best way to review notes if you are using this method is to quiz yourself by utilizing each topic before reading your notes. Take the recorded topic, then confirm your knowledge by reading your notes. Review what you do know in your head and then move on and read your notes. That will reinforce the information and keep it in your brain a little longer. For a simple break down on The Outline Method, check out Oxford Learning’s blog on effective note taking. Flow Notes The second technique is Flow Notes. Flow Notes are a holistic method of note taking which includes active engagement with course material. Rather than merely taking notes and regurgitating the professors lecture on paper you are attempting to engage with the content by drawing arrows, doodles, and thoughts as you intake information. If something in the lecture sounds familiar to you, make notes in the margins about the material you already know. This type of active engagement will assist with recall later on while you re studying. For example, if your professor is discussing Marxism and you know that Marxism relates to class, write that in the margins of your notes. This technique will help you to recall information while you are studying. As you already have some information about the topic you are creating a tag for it in your mind so that you can recall it easily. Make Use of Slide Notes If you are lucky enough to have one of those professors who use PowerPoint slides, use the slides to your advantage. Making use of these notes is one of the easiest yet still effective approaches to taking notes. Print off the slides and bring them to class. As the professor or instructor lectures, take notes. Try using the techniques offered above. Use the flow notes technique in combination with your slide notes to retain more material. Using Your Notes to Study Once you have mastered note taking, it is time to study. Make sure you review your notes 24 hours after the time youve written them. After you finish your classes for the day, review your material within the day. Reviewing your notes soon after class, will help to solidify the information in your brain and make it easier to recall come exam time. Second, rather than waiting for exam time to review your notes, make sure to go over them frequently. Avoid cramming. Reviewing your notes on a consistent basis will help you in the long run because information will become cemented in your brain. A third tip is to make a note of repetition. When youre doing your readings, have your notes next to you. If you notice a theme in the texts and your professor mentioned it in class, it will likely be on the exam. So, make a note of repetitions. Being actively engaged with your notes in this way will help you prepare for your exam. Effective note taking cannot be underestimated in the realm of college and university. Learning how to take notes is a skill that is invaluable to a student. For more on this topic, please check out our YouTube video Strategies for Effective Note Taking. We know the school year is ramping up, and that youre likely looking for opportunities to lighten the study load. If you’re looking for some support, please check out our website. Strategies for Effective Note-Taking Do you want to make your note-taking more effective? Do you want to make your note-taking more effective? Effective note taking in university and college can mean the difference between being at the top of the class and in the mid-range. For some reason, note-taking is not part of the general curriculum in high school, which means many students enter the college environment with a lack of knowledge around how to take effective notes. Learning how to write proper notes is an invaluable skill; however, it is easy to learn. Once you learn this skill, repetition will help you improve over time. There are many tried and true methods of note-taking. Here we discuss some of these approaches and how you can use them to enhance your study. Here are some tips to consider before attending class: Come Prepared Before beginning class, your first step is to plan. If your professor has provided you with a syllabus, use that to become familiar with the topic or topics for that day. Prepare further by taking the time to skim or read the required readings for that day. When you read the information about a topic before going to class, you are more likely to retain the information the professor introduces. You will already know the material, and you will know what to expect. In this sense, you will be prepared to engage with the content, which in the long term is going to help you with retention. Although this may seem obvious, make sure that you prepare for class in a literal way. In other words, make sure you pack all the essentials: books, pens, pencils, and notebooks. You might also want to bring your laptop if that is something that you find helpful. Packing water and a midday snack is a good idea. Snacks filled with good healthy fats and complex carbohydrates will ascertain that you are full. Water will help you stay hydrated so you will remain focused throughout your class. Maintain a Positive Mindset Before attending class, take some time to get yourself into a positive mindset. Maybe you meditate for 5 minutes or go for a short walk. Listening to music may be beneficial to some people. Regardless of what works for you, figure it out, and do it. When you attend class with a positive frame of mind, you will manage to retain more information. Your brain will thank you later when youre able to recall more material when you’re reviewing. When youre in that positive mindset, youre more apt to absorb the lecture. Try Different Strategies Once you’re ready for class, there are a variety of methods you can use to approach note-taking. Not every technique is going to work for each person, so try different ones and figure out what works best for you. The first question to consider regarding note taking is whether or not you will use your computer. Although the computer may seem like a faster way to jot down what the professor is discussing, research has proven that using a pen and paper assist with retention. Depending on your approach to learning you may choose either of these methods. However, if youre easily distracted, it is recommended that you use the manual mode of taking notes using a pen and paper. Manually writing your notes will help you to avoid the tendency toward accessing the Internet or chatting with friends while in class on your computer. Here are some effective note Taking Strategies The Outline Method To use the Outline Method, make five headings for topics you know will be covered in class. Under each heading make bullet points which include subtopics and information as provided in the professors lecture. This technique simple and straightforward. However, it can be challenging to review notes later if you choose this method. The best way to review notes if you are using this method is to quiz yourself by utilizing each topic before reading your notes. Take the recorded topic, then confirm your knowledge by reading your notes. Review what you do know in your head and then move on and read your notes. That will reinforce the information and keep it in your brain a little longer. For a simple break down on The Outline Method, check out Oxford Learning’s blog on effective note taking. Flow Notes The second technique is Flow Notes. Flow Notes are a holistic method of note taking which includes active engagement with course material. Rather than merely taking notes and regurgitating the professors lecture on paper you are attempting to engage with the content by drawing arrows, doodles, and thoughts as you intake information. If something in the lecture sounds familiar to you, make notes in the margins about the material you already know. This type of active engagement will assist with recall later on while you re studying. For example, if your professor is discussing Marxism and you know that Marxism relates to class, write that in the margins of your notes. This technique will help you to recall information while you are studying. As you already have some information about the topic you are creating a tag for it in your mind so that you can recall it easily. Make Use of Slide Notes If you are lucky enough to have one of those professors who use PowerPoint slides, use the slides to your advantage. Making use of these notes is one of the easiest yet still effective approaches to taking notes. Print off the slides and bring them to class. As the professor or instructor lectures, take notes. Try using the techniques offered above. Use the flow notes technique in combination with your slide notes to retain more material. Using Your Notes to Study Once you have mastered note taking, it is time to study. Make sure you review your notes 24 hours after the time youve written them. After you finish your classes for the day, review your material within the day. Reviewing your notes soon after class, will help to solidify the information in your brain and make it easier to recall come exam time. Second, rather than waiting for exam time to review your notes, make sure to go over them frequently. Avoid cramming. Reviewing your notes on a consistent basis will help you in the long run because information will become cemented in your brain. A third tip is to make a note of repetition. When youre doing your readings, have your notes next to you. If you notice a theme in the texts and your professor mentioned it in class, it will likely be on the exam. So, make a note of repetitions. Being actively engaged with your notes in this way will help you prepare for your exam. Effective note taking cannot be underestimated in the realm of college and university. Learning how to take notes is a skill that is invaluable to a student. For more on this topic, please check out our YouTube video Strategies for Effective Note Taking. We know the school year is ramping up, and that youre likely looking for opportunities to lighten the study load. If you’re looking for some support, please check out our website.

Christmas Chemistry Projects and Topics

The Night - Original Writing - 1900 Words

The huge white doors opened and man came out of the hallway. A stern silent type with a nameless suit blood leather shoes. His dead eyes scanned the thin nervous looking man in a seat closest to the door. There were visible scars signs and healing cuts on his exposed skin and he must have been trying to reorganize the hair on his head. Me?He man hunched un-confidently pointing to himself. Dead eyes said nothing, for they were the only two in the room. A quick embarrassing scan of the large empty room and he nodded smiling softly at his own unawareness. Dead eyes didn t smile back but stepped out of the way holding the door open. Right. The thin Man pushed himself up taking a deep breath that he surely needed more of. He was lead in†¦show more content†¦Well he doesn t discriminate. That s a good sign right? The man turned to open the door for me. It was then I noticed his tattoo. An evil looking tribal pattern of a lost culture wrapped around his solid neck up to his lower e yelid. I stepped back a bit. His eye silver serious and pale scans me crosses mine before he . makes movement to open the guarded door. It is solid dark iron door that is carved in the same patterns as the ones on his face and neck. As it swung open one form of a woman bending in with the lines and curves caught my eye. It was like seeing the image of a God. It was like I was entering a new church. The man pushed it open with both hands and a white light blinded me. Inside I wasn t even sure what I expected. The boss is such a mysterious term that could be anything horrifying that I could cook up. The space was huge. At the end of room was a woman pale white hair waved down to one side like sea currents. The skin head of a white tiger frozen in a state of rage and fear with the claws dug into the floor. She was writing at her sold white marble desk that towered over a small stiff office chair. Sorry I m late, ma am. I smiled. It hurt my eye was swelled and emotions physically hurt at this point. You look like shit. She said. You should see the other guy. I chuckled a bit. Her eyes narrowed at me like daggers. Why would I wanna see two pieces of shit? Right...IShow MoreRelatedNight Nights - Original Writing845 Words   |  4 Pagesuntil night time. We all would camp out in the living, our parents would tuck us in and then it was off to bed. Sleeping peacefully until one of my cousins woke us all up screaming while she was sleeping. Night after night we had to deal with this. The following year I as well as all of my cousins anticipated the same thing. Peacefully sleeping only to be awaken in the middle of the night by shears of horror. But to all of our surprise my cousin sleep peacefully all the way through the night everyRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1183 Words   |  5 Pagesfell to the floor convulsing in pain. She was turning and realised that no one could save her. She took her last breath realising she was going to become like him. A vampire. Experiencing the final stages of her turning her back arched. That was the night of her transformation. Read MoreThe Night - Original Writing792 Words   |  4 Pagesenlightning. My parents died. I was six years old. They died, because of me. We got in a reasonable argument about Clifford the Big Red Dog, of all things. I stormed out of the house at 8:00 pm. I remember how glistening the stars were that night, how the colors of purple and dark blue collided in the sky and how the moon was full and shined with what seemed like a never-ending light. I just kept running, laughing like the obnoxious six year I was. They ran after me calling my name, I justRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1528 Words   |  7 PagesAfter a long restless night, Allie had a servant draw a hot bath for her just after daybreak. She stepped in, sat down, and then let her entire body slip beneath the water. She held her nose as she wet her copper locks and soaped her head. She intended to bring the shine back- she did not like the dull creature that stared back at her from the mirror the night before. The hot water was soothing; it felt good on her tired body. After washing, s he lay there and let the warm water soak the tirednessRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1580 Words   |  7 PagesEverything was beautiful that night. The sky was as clear as the spring water. The weather was so beautiful that we thought that we were not in the summer. I was sitting outside the house in our garden with my parents. We were having a nice chat after a delicious homemade crispy chicken with fries that my mom usually do. Everything was just perfect until my father received the unexpected call. The call that I wished my father didn’t receive. â€Å"Hello†¦what! What are you saying! Calm down I’m comingRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing906 Words   |  4 PagesEvelyn peeked down the hall from her bedroom making sure the light to her parents’ room was off, indicating that they had gone to sleep. When she saw the darkened hallway she knew that her parents had gone down for the night. Her younger sisters, ages 10 and 8, had been put to sleep a couple hours before. There was no one watching. Evelyn tiptoed down the stairs—thank God they were carpeted, which helped shield the noise of her steps—and she grabbed her mom’s car keys carefully exiting the houseRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1004 Words   |  5 PagesThe crowd filled out of the arena, the buzz and excitement leaving with them. Dark walls echoed the heavy sounds of the metal equipment as it was scraped across the floor by the road crew. In the absence of the band, the crowd and the music, the atmosphere seemed as ble ak and empty as the crowd floor itself. Suddenly, echoes of past joyous screams were replaced by a single, blood curdling scream coming from the direction of the cloakroom. The sound, filled with fear, tore through the arena and bouncedRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1332 Words   |  6 Pages Waking up to the smell of strawberry jam and toast coming from the kitchen, Dan looks over at his clock to see that it is 7:30. Forcing himself up, he throws on a set of clothes and tiptoed down the stairs to be sure not to wake up Lisa. When he got to the bottom of the stairs, Dan sees both his parents, father at the kitchen table drinking coffee and reading the newspaper, and mother at the counter spreading the jam on the mountain of toast beside her. The quiet morning is comfortable and pleasantRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing723 Words   |  3 PagesDuring the summer you can find the same scene on any Saturday night. I see an elderly man near the entrance setting behind a table covered with stacks of booklets. I can tell he is employed by the park by the dark green polo shirt and tan ball cap he is wearing. Even from a distance I can hear him shout, â€Å"Programs! Get your programs. Three dollars!† As a middle aged man wearing a dark t-shirt and baggy blue jeans wal ks through the door. It becomes obvious that he is experienced with the process.Read MoreThe Night - Original Writing859 Words   |  4 Pagesfriends ran out to see what all the laughing was about. They watched the video and began cracking up too. After, we all went back inside due to the amount of bugs outside. We spent the rest of the night talking and laughing until we all fell asleep at around two in the morning. This was the last night we all spent together before heading off to college. Even though it was in the middle of the summer, life took over and we were all busy on different days. The one way that we were able to keep in contact

Marketing strategy of amazon Free Essays

Marketing strategy is necessary in every business. No matter how rich a certain business is, its resources are always restricted. Thus marketing strategy provides a certain business to allocate his resources properly in order for his business to be more productive. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing strategy of amazon or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marketing mix is also essential in the marketing field, and it is basically the reason why the marketing mix (4 P’s) is tackled under marketing strategy. The four essential P’s are the product, the price, the place, and the promotion. Without considering these four essential P’s ones business is doomed to fail. A marketing manager needs to have enough knowledge in order to better determine how to properly organize this marketing mix. This paper aims to focus on whether the Amazon.com is doing a great marketing strategy. It is a well-known fact that many businesses aims on promoting their products in order to receive better responses from their customers. The necessity of promoting their products are included in the marketing mix and thus a business that knows how to promote his product well would succeed most likely than those who do not have any knowledge in product promotions. Going back to the strategy of amazon.com many wonders why they promote their new products side by side with used and old products. There are people who question the rationality behind this because people think that most consumers would tend to buy things which are cheaper compared to the newer and more expensive items particularly books. Thus, this paper aim to analyze what was the reason behind this particular strategy of amazon.com, whether their strategy is effective or not and the like. Amazon.com is one of the most famous e-commerce companies. Amazon.com sells their products via internet thus making it more convenient for people who do not have enough time to do their shopping outside their homes. Jeff Bezos started amazon.com in 1994 and up to now amazon.com is still continuing with their business. Amazon.com started by selling books online but as of today they are no longer limited on selling books via the internet. Amazon.com’s products ranges from cd’s, dvd’s, books, clothes, cars, etc. The Amazon.com is a little off the track with their marketing strategy. For one, they are willing to ship products ranging from $25 or more for free. Such shipments could be very costly even from an established business as Amazon. However, in spite of the losses of Amazon.com they are still well-liked by their customers due to their good services and customer satisfaction is very important in every business. Thus, in this regard Amazon.com shows good marketing strategy in terms of pleasing their customers. However this particular aspect where amazon.com is good at is very short-lived. The strategy Amazon found to reconstruct their selves is by contacting retailers and asking them to sell some of their products at Amazon. Thus, companies such as Gaps, Circuit City Stores Inc and the like sell some of their products at Amazon as well as on their own websites. This particular strategy raised Amazon’s profit to 22%. However, business experts saw that Amazon’s sale could still grow by the year of 2008 if they would improve some aspects on their websites. By doing this Amazon could draw more retailing companies to join forces with them. Their website had also gotten so full to the point that shopping online on Amazon is no longer as convenient and as easy as it used to especially since so many url’s links customers from one website to another. Thus, if only Amazon.com would try to lessen the mess their website is in then the better their business would be. In terms of using the 4 P’s Amazon.com is doing fine in the price part since their prices are very reasonable added to the fact that they gives free shipment for some products. Amazon.com could also be found nationwide because they have opened stores on different countries such as Japan, Germany, etc. This particular strategy is good because it allows them to cover customers in a wide-range basis. However, Amazon.com shows difficulty in promoting most of their products because their website is not very organized. Searching for your desire product could be very strenuous for many insignificant links appears one after another. In terms of products they may be doing alright for they sell products with qualities however, their promotion of their product is not really good and thus they should focus on their marketing promotion to in order to attract customers and other retailers more. (Behr). Amazon.com has certain advantages though as mentioned earlier especially on their venture to merging with other retailers. They are also one of the most well-known on the e-commerce aside from the fact that they are managing to compete head on with other well-known businesses such as IBM, Microsoft, etc. In terms of selling old books side-by-side with new ones, Amazon has a good reason for that one too. Amazon.com aims to cater to the needs of different kinds of consumers. There are those who want new things no matter how expensive those things may be. However, there are those who does not really care on whether they are buying something old or new as long as they could afford the price. Thus in this regard Amazon.com is doing a great strategy by catering to the needs and wants of different kinds of consumers. By showing old books side by side with new ones they are also making it easier for their customers to better analyze which one they would pick. For example if Book A costs $15 if it is new and $13 if it is old and used then I would better analyze the pros and cons of buying a new book to that of buying the old one especially if the price difference is only $2. Overall this particular strategy of Amazon could be looked at in different light. However, this particular strategy may be serving Amazon’s purposes well and thus in this regard I think that showing your customer new products as compared to new ones is a good strategy. In a way it is the same as shopping in a certain shop wherein you ask for a particular book whose price is $25 and your money is only $20. Part of a business strategy is to provide an alternative thus it would be of no surprise if the saleslady would ask how much money you have with you and when you say $20 she would tend to show you a copy of the same book although the second one is used but in a lower price as compared to the new book. I am sure that Amazon is using this particular tactic in the same light as the hypothetical saleslady did. Reference: Behr, Mary E. â€Å"Case Study: Amazon.Com.† 2003.       How to cite Marketing strategy of amazon, Essay examples

Bmw Marketing free essay sample

Motoren Werke  commonly known as  BMW is a German automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1917. BMW is headquartered in Munich,  Bavaria, Germany. It also owns and produces  Mini  cars, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under  BMW Motorrad. In 2010, the BMW group produced 1,481,253  automobiles  and 112,271 motorcycles across all its brands. BMW is part of the German Big 3 luxury automakers, along with  Audi  and  Mercedes-Benz, which are the three best-selling luxury automakers in the world. BMW was established as a business  entity  following a restructuring of the  Rapp Motoren werke  aircraft manufacturing firm in 1917. After the end of  World War I  in 1918, BMW was forced to cease aircraft engine production by the terms of the  Versailles Armistice Treaty. The company consequently shifted to motorcycle production in 1923, once the restrictions of the treaty started to be lifted,  followed by automobiles in 1928–29. The first car which BMW successfully produced and the car which launched BMW on the road to automobile production was the  Dixi, it was based on the  Austin 7  and licensed from the  Austin Motor Company  in Birmingham, England. BMWs first significant aircraft engine was the BMW IIIa inline-six liquid-cooled engine of 1918, much preferred for its high-altitude performance. With German rearmament in the 1930s, the company again began producing aircraft engines for the  Luftwaffe. Among its successful World War II engine designs were the  BMW 132  and  BMW 801  air-cooled  radial engines, and the pioneering BMW 003  axial-flow  turbojet, which powered the tiny, 1944–1945–era jet-powered emergency fighter, the  Heinkel He 162  Spatz. The BMW 003 jet engine was tested in the A-1b version of the worlds first jet fighter, the  Messerschmitt Me 262, but BMW engines failed on takeoff, a major setback for the jet fighter program until successful testing with Junkers engines. By the year 1959, the automotive division of BMW was in financial difficulties and a shareholders meeting was held to decide whether to go into liquidation or find a way of carrying on. It was decided to carry on and to try to cash in on the current economy car boom enjoyed so successfully by some of Germanys ex-aircraft manufacturers such as  Messerschmitt  and  Heinkel. The rights to manufacture the Italian  Iso Isetta  were bought; the tiny cars themselves were to be powered by a modified form of BMWs own motorcycle engine. This was moderately successful and helped the company get back on its feet. The controlling majority shareholder of the BMW  Aktiengesell schaft since 1959 is the Quandt family, which owns about 46% of the stock. The rest is in  public float. BMW acquired the  Hans Glas  company based in  Dingolfing, Germany, in 1966. It was reputed that the acquisition was mainly to gain access to Glas development of the timing belt with an overhead camshaft in automotive applications. Glas vehicles were briefly badged as BMW until the company was fully absorbed. In 1992, BMW acquired a large stake in California based  industrial design  studio  DesignworksUSA, which they fully acquired in 1995. In 1994, BMW bought the British  Rover Group[15]  (which at the time consisted of the  Rover,  Land Rover  and  MG  brands as well as the rights to defunct brands including  Austin  and  Morris), and owned it for six years. By 2000, Rover was incurring huge losses and BMW decided to sell the combine. The MG and Rover brands were sold to the Phoenix Consortium to form  MG Rover, while Land Rover was taken over by  Ford. BMW, meanwhile, retained the rights to build the new  Mini, which was launched in 2001. Chief designer  Chris Bangle  announced his departure from BMW in February 2009, after serving on the design team for nearly seventeen years. 16]  He was replaced by  Adrian van Hooydonk, Bangles former right hand man. Bangle was known for his radical designs such as the 2002 7-Series and the 2002 Z4. In July 2007, the production rights for  Husqvarna Motorcycles  was purchased by BMW for a reported 93 million euros. BMW Motorrad  plans to con tinue operating Husqvarna Motorcycles as a separate enterprise. All development, sales and production activities, as well as the current workforce, have remained in place at its present location at Varese. In June 2012, BMW was listed as the #1 most reputable company in the world by Forbes. om. [17]  Rankings are based upon aspects such as â€Å"people’s willingness to buy, recommend, work for, and invest in a company is driven 60% by their perceptions of the company and only 40% by their perceptions of their products. † - Production  [edit] | This section includes a  list of references, related reading or  external links, but  the sources of this section remain unclear because it lacks  inline citations. Please  improve  this article by introducing more precise citations. (July 2012)| BMW plant in Leipzig, Germany:  Spot welding  of BMW 3 series car bodies withKUKA  industrial robots. In 2006, the BMW group (including Mini and Rolls-Royce) produced 1,366,838 four-wheeled vehicles, which were manufactured in five countries. [19]  In 2010, it manufactured 1,481,253 four-wheeled vehicles and 112,271 motorcycles (under both the BMW and Husqvarna brands). [2] The BMW X3 (E83) was made by Magna Steyr, a subsidiary of Magna of Canada, in Graz, Austria under license from BMW until 2010. More than 45,973 were produced in 2009. Starting October 2010, the new BMW X3 (F25) is produced at BMW US Manufacturing Co. Greer, Spartanburg County, South Carolina, USA It is reported that about 56% of BMW-brand vehicles produced are powered by petrol engines and the remaining 44% are powered by diesel engines. Of those petrol vehicles, about 27% are four-cylinder models and about nine percent are eight-cylinder models. [20]  BMW also has local assembly operation using complete   knock down components  in Thailand, Russia, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia, and India, for 3, 5, 7 series and X3. [18] Annual Production Year| BMW| MINI| Rolls-Royce| Motorcycle| 2005| 1,122,308| 200,119| 692| 92,012| 006| 1,179,317| 186,674| 847| 103,759| 2007| 1,302,774| 237,700| 1,029| 104,396| 2008| 1,203,482| 235,019| 1,417| 118,452| 2009| 1,043,829| 213,670| 918| 93,243| 2010[2]| 1,236,989| 241,043| 3,221| 112,271| Worldwide sales  [edit] Vehicles sold in all markets according to BMWs annual reports. Year| BMW| MINI| Rolls-Royce| Motorcycle| 2000| 822,181| | | | 2001| 880,677| | | | 2002| 913,225| | | | 2003| 928,151| | | | 2004| 1,023,583| | | | 2005| 1,126,768| 200,428| 796| 97,474| 2006| 1,185,088| 188,077| 805| 100,064| 2007| 1,276,793| 222,875| 1,010| 102,467| 008| 1,202,239| 232,425| 1,212| 115,196| 2009| 1,068,770| 216,538| 1,002| 100,358| 2010| 1,224,280| 234,175| 2,711| 110,113| History BMW AG  originated with three other manufacturing companies, Rapp Motorenwer ke and Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFw) in  Bavaria, andFahrzeugfabrik Eisenach  in  Thuringia. Aircraft engine manufacturer Rapp Motorenwerke became  Bayerische Motorenwerke  in 1916. The engine manufacturer, which built proprietary industrial engines after  World War I, was then bought by the owner of BFw who then merged BFw into BMW and moved the engine works onto BFws premises. BFws motorcycle sideline was improved upon by BMW and became an integral part of their business. BMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1929 when it purchased Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach, which, at the time, built  Austin Sevens  under licence under the  Dixi  marque. BMWs team of engineers progressively developed their cars from small Seven-based cars into six-cylinder luxury cars and, in 1936, began production of the  BMW 328  sports car. Aircraft engines, motorcycles, and automobiles would be BMWs main products until  World War II. During the war, against the wishes of its director  Franz Josef Popp, BMW concentrated on aircraft engine production, with motorcycles as a side line and automobile manufacture stopped altogether. After the war, BMW survived by making pots, pans, and bicycles until 1948, when it restarted motorcycle production. Meanwhile, BMWs factory in Eisenach fell in the  Soviet occupation zone  and the Soviets restarted production of pre-war BMW motorcycles and automobiles there. This continued until 1955, after which they concentrated on cars based on pre-war  DKW  designs. BMW began building cars in Bavaria in 1952 with the  BMW 501luxury saloon. Sales of their luxury saloons were too small to be profitable, so BMW supplemented this with building  Isettas  under licence. Slow sales of luxury cars and small profit margins from  microcars  caused the BMW board to consider selling the operation to  Daimler-Benz. However,  Herbert Quandt  was convinced to purchase a controlling interest in BMW and to invest in its future. Quandts investment, along with profits from the  BMW 700, brought about the  BMW New Class  and  BMW New Six. These new products, along with the absorption of  Hans Glas GmbH, gave BMW a sure footing on which to expand. BMW grew in strength, eventually acquiring the  Rover Group  (most of which was later divested), and the license to build automobiles under the  Rolls-Royce  marque. - Environmental record  [edit] The company is a charter member of the  U. S. Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA) National Environmental Achievement Track, which recognises companies for their environmental stewardship and performance. It is also a member of the South Carolina Environmental Excellence Program and is on the  Dow Jones  Sustainability Group Index, which rates environmentally friendly companies. 29]  BMW has taken measures to reduce the impact the company has on the environment. It is trying to design less-polluting cars by making existing models more efficient, as well as developing environmentally friendly fuels for future vehicles. Possibilities include: electric power, hybrid power (combustion engines and electric motors) hydrogen engines. [30] BMW offers 49 models with EU5/6 emissio ns norm and nearly 20 models with CO2 output less than 140 g/km, which puts it on the lowest tax group and therefore could provide the future owner with eco-bonus offered from some European countries. However, there have been some criticisms directed at BMW, and in particular, accusations of  greenwash  in reference to their BMW Hydrogen 7. Some critics claim that the emissions produced during  hydrogen fuel  production outweigh the reduction of tailpipe emissions, and that the Hydrogen 7 is a distraction from more immediate, practical solutions for car pollution. [31] Bayerische Motoren Werke AG| | Type| Aktiengesellschaft| Traded as| FWB:  BMW| Industry| Automotive| Predecessor(s)| Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG (BFW)[1]| Founded| 7 March 1916| Founder(s)| Franz Josef Popp| Headquarters| Munich,  Germany| Area served| Worldwide| Key people| Norbert Reithofer  (CEO),Joachim Milberg  (Chairman of the  supervisory board),  Adrian van Hooydonk  (Vice-President),Karim Habib  (Director of Design)| Products| Automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles| Production output| 1,481,253 Automobiles (2010) 112,271 Motorcycles (2010)| Revenue| â‚ ¬68. 82  billion (2011)[2]| Operating income| â‚ ¬8. 006  billion (2011)[2]| Profit| â‚ ¬4. 881  billion (2011)[2]| Total assets| â‚ ¬123. 42  billion (2011)[2]| Total equity| â‚ ¬27. 10  billion (2011)[2]| Employees| 102,007 (2011)[3]| Divisions| Mini BMW Motorsport Rolls-Royce Motor Cars| Subsidiaries| List[show]| Website| bmwgroup. com| - Motorcycles  [edit] | This section  does not  cite  any  references or sources. Please help improve this section by  adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and  removed. (June 2008)| See also:  BMW Motorrad  and  History of BMW motorcycles The  R32  motorcycle, the first BMW  motor vehicle. BMW began building motorcycle engines and then motorcycles after World War I. [21]  Its motorcycle brand is now known as  BMW Motorrad. Their first successful motorcycle, after the failed Helios and Flink, was the R32 in 1923. This had a boxer twin engine, in which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each side of the machine. Apart from their single-cylinder models (basically to the same pattern), all their motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early 1980s. Many BMWs are still produced in this layout, which is designated the  R Series. During the Second World War, BMW produced the  BMW R75  motorcycle with a  sidecar  attached. Featuring a unique design copied from the  ZundappKS750, its sidecar wheel was also motor-driven. Combined with a lockable  differential, this made the vehicle very capable off-road, an equivalent in many ways to the  Jeep. In 1982, came the  K Series, shaft drive but water-cooled and with either three or four cylinders mounted in a straight line from front to back. Shortly after, BMW also started making the chain-driven  F  and  G  series with single and parallel twin  Rotax  engines. BMW R1200RT In the early 1990s, BMW updated the  airhead  Boxer engine which became known as the  oilhead. In 2002, the oilhead engine had two spark plugs per cylinder. In 2004 it added a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to 1,170  cc and enhanced performance to 100  hp (75  kW) for the  R1200GS, compared to 85  hp (63  kW) of the previous  R1150GS. More powerful variants of the oilhead engines are available in the R1100S and R1200S, producing 98  hp (73  kW) and 122  hp (91  kW), respectively. In 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a departure for BMW. It features an engine producing 167  hp (125  kW), derived from the companys work with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than previous K models. Innovations include electronically adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork that BMW calls Duolever. BMW S1000RR BMW introduced  anti-lock brakes  on production motorcycles starting in the late 1980s. The generation of anti-lock brakes available on the 2006 and later BMW motorcycles pave the way for the introduction ofelectronic stability control, or anti-skid technology later in the 2007 model year. BMW has been an innovator in motorcycle suspension design, taking up telescopic front suspension long before most other manufacturers. Then they switched to an  Earles fork, front suspension by swinging fork (1955 to 1969). Most modern BMWs are truly rear swingarm, single sided at the back (compare with the regular swinging fork usually, and wrongly, called  swinging arm). Some BMWs started using yet another trademark front suspension design, the Telelever, in the early 1990s. Like the Earles fork, the Telelever significantly reduces dive under braking. BMW Group, on 31 January 2013 announced that Pierer Industrie AG has bought Husqvarna for an undisclosed amount, which will not be revealed by either party in the future. The company is headed by Stephan pierer (CEO of KTM). Pierer Industrie AG is 51% owner of KTM and 100% owner of Husqvarna. - Automobiles  [edit] Main article:  List of BMW vehicles New Class  [edit] Main article:  BMW New Class The  New Class  (German:  Neue Klasse) was a line of compact  sedans  and coupes starting with the 1962 1500 and continuing through the last 2002s in 1977. Powered by BMWs celebrated  four-cylinder  M10  engine, the New Class models featured a fully  independent suspension,  MacPherson struts  in front, and front disc brakes. Initially a family of four-door sedans and two-door coupes, the New Class line was broadened to two-door sports sedans with the addition of the  02 Series  1600 and 2002 in 1966. Sharing little in common with the rest of the line beyond power train, the sporty siblings caught auto enthusiasts attention and established BMW as an international brand. Precursors to the famed BMW  3 Series, the two-doors success cemented the firms future as an upper tier performance car maker. New Class four-doors with numbers ending in 0 were replaced by the largerBMW 5 Series  in 1972. The upscale 2000C and 2000CS coupes were replaced by the  six-cylinder  BMW E9, introduced in 1969 with the 2800CS. The 1600 two-door was discontinued in 1975, the 2002 replaced by the 320i in 1975. Current models  [edit] BMW 5-Series (F10) The  1 Series, originally launched in 2004, is BMWs smallest car. Currently available are the second generation hatchback (F20) and first generation coupe/convertible (E82/E88). The  3 Series, a  compact executive car  manufactured since  model year  1975, is currently in its sixth generation (F30); models include the sport sedan (F30), and fourth generation station wagon (E91), and convertible (E93) and third generation coupe (E92). The  5 Seriesis a  mid-size  executive car, available in sedan (F10) and station wagon (F11) forms. The  5 Series Gran Turismo  (F07), debuted in 2010, created a segment between station wagons and  crossover SUV. [22] BMW Z4 (E89) BMWs  full-size  flagship executive  sedan  is the  7 Series. Typically, BMW introduces many of their innovations first in the 7 Series, such as the somewhat controversial  iDrive  system. The 7 Series Hydrogen, featuring one of the worlds first  hydrogen  fueled internal combustion engines, is fueled by liquid hydrogen and emits only clean water vapor. The latest generation (F01) debuted in 2009. Based on the 5 Series platform, the  6 Series  is BMWs  grand touring  luxury  sport coupe/convertible (E63/E64). A 2-seater  roadster  and  coupe  which succeeded the  Z3, the  Z4  (E85) has been sold since 2002. BMW X3 (F25) The  X3  (E83), BMWs second  crossover SUV  (called  SAV  or Sports Activity Vehicle by BMW) debuted in 2003 and is based on the E46/16 3 Series platform. Marketed in Europe as an off-roader, it benefits from BMWs xDrive all-wheel drive system. The all-wheel drive  X5  (E70) was BMWs first crossover SUV (SAV), based on the 5 series, and is a mid-size luxury SUV (SAV) sold by BMW since 2000. A 4-seat crossover SUV released by BMW in December 2007, the  X6  is marketed as a Sports Activity Coupe (SAC) by BMW. The  X1  extends the BMW Sports Activity Series model lineup. - Overseas subsidiaries  [edit] South Africa  [edit] BMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968,[65]  when Praetor Monteerders plant was opened in  Rosslyn, near  Pretoria. BMW initially bought shares in the company, before fully acquiring it in 1975; in so doing, the company became  BMW South Africa, the first wholly owned subsidiary of BMW to be established outside Germany. Three unique models that  BMW Motorsport  created for the South African market were the  E23  M745i (1983), which used the  M88  engine from the  BMW M1, the BMW 333i (1986), which added a six-cylinder 3. 2-litre  M30  engine to the  E30,[66]  and the  E30  BMW 325is (1989) which was powered by an  Alpina-derived 2. 7-litre engine. Unlike U. S. anufacturers, such as  Ford  and  GM, which divested from the country in the 1980s, BMW retained full ownership of its operations in South Africa. Following the end of  apartheid  in 1994, and the lowering of import tariffs, BMW South Africa ended local production of the 5-Series and 7-Series, in order to concentrate on production of the 3-Series for the export market. South African–built BMWs a re now exported to  right hand drive  markets including Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as  Sub-Saharan Africa. Since 1997, BMW South Africa has produced vehicles in  left-hand drive  for export to  Taiwan, the United States and  Iran, as well as South America. BMWs with a  VIN  starting with NC0 are manufactured in South Africa. United States  [edit] BMW  Spartanburg  factory BMW Manufacturing Co  (the factory opened in 1994) has been manufacturing all  Z4  and the  X5  (even those on Bavarian roads) and, more recently, the X6 on the same assembly line in  Greer  near  Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA. [67]  In an average work day the company builds 600 vehicles: 500 X5s and 100 Z4s. Though, BMW engines are made in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. The smaller X3 has began production in Greer. BMWs with a  VIN  starting with 4US and 5US are manufactured at BMW US Manufacturing Co. , Greer, Spartanburg County, South Carolina, USA. In 2010 BMW announced that it would spend $750  million to expand operations at the Greer plant. This expansion will allow production of 240,000 vehicles a year and will make the plant the largest car factory in the United States by number of employees. [68]  USA market is BMWs biggest single market. India  [edit] BMW  Chennai  plant,  Tamil Nadu, India BMW India  was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary in  Gurgaon  (National Capital Region). A state-of-the-art assembly plant for BMW 3 and 5 Series started operation in early 2007 in  Chennai. Construction of the plant started in January 2006 with an initial investment of more than one billion Indian Rupees. The plant started operation in the first quarter of 2007 and produces the different variants of  BMW 3 Series  and  BMW 5 Series. [69]  In 2011,  The Brand Trust Report, India study, ranked BMW as the 33rd most trusted brand in India. 70] China  [edit] Main article:  BMW Brilliance Signing a deal in 2003 for the production of sedans in China,[71]  May 2004 saw the opening of a factory in the North-eastern city of  Shenyang  whereBrilliance Auto  produces BMW-branded automobiles[72]  in a joint venture with the German company. [73] Japan  [edit] Yanase Co. , Ltd. is the exclusive retailer of all imported BMW (passenger cars and motorcycles) products to Japanese consumers, and has had the exclusive rights to do so since the end of World War II. Canada  [edit] In October 2008, BMW Group Canada was named one of  Greater Torontos Top Employers  by Mediacorp Canada Inc. , which was announced by the  Toronto Star  newspaper. [74] Egypt  [edit] Bavarian Auto Group  is a multinational group of companies established in March 2003 when it was appointed as the sole importer of BMW and Mini in Egypt, with monopoly rights for import, assembly, distribution, sales and after-sales support of BMW products in Egypt. Since that date, BAG invested a total amount of US$100 million distributed on seven companies and 11 premises in addition to three stores. Currently, the facility enables Bavarian Auto the opportunity to offer a full range of locally assembled models; including the BMW 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series and X3 which. In combination with a new range of imported models; including the BMW 1 Series, 6 Series, X5, X6 and various Mini models. - Marketing  [edit] Roundel logo  [edit] The circular blue and white BMW logo or  roundel  evolved from the circular  Rapp Motorenwerke  company logo, from which the BMW company grew, combined with the blue and white colors of theflag of Bavaria. 75]  The logo has been portrayed as the movement of an aircraft propeller with the white blades cutting through a blue sky—first used in a BMW advertisement in 1929, twelve years after the roundel was created—but this is not the origin of the logo itself. [76] Audio logo  [edit] In 2013, BMW replaced the double-gong sound used in TV and Radio advertising campaign since 1998 with to represent the future identity of BMW, wh ich was described as â€Å"introduced by a rising, resonant sound and underscored by two distinctive bass tones that form the sound logo’s melodic and rhythmic basis. [77]  The new sound was first used in BMW 4 Series Concept Coupe TV commercial. [78]  The sound was produced by Thomas Kisser of HASTINGS media music. [79] Driving change in a highly competitive marketplace through   continually enhancing the aspirational driving experienceAUTOMOTIVE| PROFILE: BMW Founded in 1917, the BMW Group is now one of the ten largest car manufacturers in the world and, with its BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce brands, possesses three of the strongest premium brands in the car industry. The group also has a strong market position in the motorcycle sector and operates a successful financial services business. The company aims to generate profitable growth and above-average returns by focusing on the premium segments of the international automobile markets. With this in mind, a wide-ranging product and market offensive was initiated in 2001, which has resulted in the BMW Group expanding its product range considerably and strengthening its worldwide market position. The company’s brand is extremely strong and is associated with high performance, engineering excellence and innovation. Indeed, the BMW brand is often cited as one of the ‘best’ in the world, and the company continues to launch a stream of innovative products as part of its battle with German peer Mercedes to be the world’s largest luxury car maker. | | BMW’s focus on engineering excellence allied to leading-edge design continues to drive successful, profitable expansion. In 2007 BMW sales increased by 8%, Mini by 18% and Rolls-Royce by 26% with, for the first time ever, over 1000 of the super luxury cars being produced in one year. To further this growth, a host of new models is being launched, including the Mini Clubman and the new sport utility vehicle, the BMW X6 the world’s first SUV coupe. While the Clubman reinvents views on vehicle access, the X6 is an excellent example of BMW innovation at work. It combines the safety and convenience of a four-wheel-drive with the on-road performance of a sports car and is designed to appeal to the driver who enjoys a commanding driving position, but also savours the characteristics of a sports car. With its stretched coupe silhouette and pronounced performance design, underpinned by hybrid engine options, as previously achieved with the X5 and the X3 in allied markets, the X6 is the latest instance of BMW changing perceptions of what a car should provide – for its passengers and its driver alike. At its heart, it restates an aspiration for driving that is both exclusive and yet also available to the mass market. BMW has also been at the forefront of introducing new IT options to enhance the driving experience. Starting with the iDrive first introduced in the 7-series, BMW ConnectedDrive is now available across most models and is adding greater functionaility. After being one of the first to offer the capability for MP3 connectivity and incorporate RSS feeds including weather information, in 2007 BMW teamed up with Google to offer a PC driven route planning service. Of course this level of innovation does not come cheaply and a key challenge going forward will be to keep research and development costs under control. During the last five years, BMW’s average annual Ramp;D investment has been around â‚ ¬2,300 per car, compared with â‚ ¬1,700 spent by arch-rival Mercedes. Alongside the examples above, much of the money has gone into the car makers Efficient Dynamics programme aimed at making engines more efficient, improving aerodynamics, reducing weight and capturing energy during braking. As the numbers clearly show, BMW is a mass market player but one that successfully uses focused innovation to build and maintain the aspirational driving experience for many. Through a constant stream of consumer informed innovations, the company has moved ahead of its peers and future sustained and profitable growth is widely predicted. | | International success. The BMW Group. With the three brands, BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, the BMW Group has its sights set firmly on the premium sector of the international automobile market. To achieve its aims, the company knows how to deploy its strengths with an efficiency that is unmatched in the automotive industry. From research and development to sales and marketing, BMW Group is committed to the very highest in quality for all its products and services. The companys success to date is proof of this strategys correctness. 1916 Establishment of BMW. BMW can trace its roots back to Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto. In 1916, the Flugmaschinenfabrik Gustav Otto company had merged into Bayerische Flugzeug-Werke AG (BFW) at government behest. Elsewhere, in 1917, the Rapp Motorenwerke company morphed into Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH, which was duly converted into an AG (public limited company) in 1918. BMW AG subsequently transferred its engine construction operations – including the company and brand names – to BFW in 1922. The date of BFW’s founding, 6 March 1916, has therefore gone down in history as the birth-date of Bayerische Motoren Werke AG. 1917 The BMW Emblem. From 1917, each of the company’s products proudly displays the BMW emblem, which incorporates the state colours of Bavaria. At the end of the 1920s, the emblem makes its first appearance in the company’s advertising as a rotating propeller – taking a form that will be used as the logo long into the future 1922 Company relocation and new beginning. After the end of the war, railway brakes and inboard engines were manufactured following the prohibition on the production of aero-engines. After the company was sold to Knorr Bremse AG in 1920, financier Camillo Castiglioni acquired engine production along with the workforce and production facilities, the company name and the logo in white and blue. He then transferred everything to â€Å"Bayerische Flugzeuge-Werke AG† (BFW). That same year the company relocated to the production facilities of BFW at Munich’s Oberwiesenfeld airfield. The main plant and the Headquarters of the BMW Group are still at this location today. 1923 BMW R 32 – the first BMW motorcycle. BMW announced its first motorcycle, the R 32, in 1923. Until then the company had only supplied engines rather than complete vehicles. The basic concept of the original BMW Motorrad model – a boxer engine with longitudinally positioned cylinders and shaft drive – is so sound, that it continues to be employed in the company’s motorcycles to this day 1928 BMW begins automotive construction. BMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1928 by purchasing the company known as Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach. Until the Second World War broke out, all BMW cars were made at this plant in the Thuringia region of Germany. The first BMW small car was built under licence from the Austin Motor Company in 1929, but was superseded by the companys own designs in 1932. 1934 Aero-engine manufacture becomes autonomous. Starting in 1933, aircraft construction in Germany received substantial financial support from the government. In 1934, BMW AG hived off its aero-engine division to BMW Flugmotorenbau GmbH. Two years later Flugmotorenfabrik Eisenach GmbH was established jointly by the AG (public limited company) and the GmbH (private limited company) and the letters BMW were included in the name in 1939. 936 Establishment of the â€Å"Shadow Plant† Allach. BMW AG and BMW Flugmotorenbau GmbH established Flugmotorenfabrik Allach GmbH. Just one year later, they assigned their shares to Luftfahrtkontor GmbH Berlin, which secretly subsidised the BMW Plant Allach near Munich with government funding. By 1941, the plant had been significantly expanded for industrial production of aero-engines. 1939 BMW takes o ver Brandenburgische Motorenwerke. Brandenburgische Motorenwerke GmbH (Bramo) in Berlin-Spandau, previously Siemens Apparate- und Maschinenbau GmbH, and BMW merged the development of air-cooled aero-engines. One year later, shortly before the start of the Second World War, BMW took over Bramo and integrated the Spandau Plant as BMW Flugmotorenwerke Brandenburg GmbH into BMW AG. 1941 BMW in World War II. During the Second World War, BMW was classified as a German armaments and war materials manufacturer, and devoted its resources almost exclusively to building aircraft engines for the German Air Force. Other plants were opened in addition to those in Munich and Eisenach. 1942 Forced labour at BMW. BMW takes on its first foreign workers in 1940, employing them on the factory floor. From 1942, convicts, Eastern European prisoners of war, and predominantly Western European forced labourers are made to work at BMW alongside concentration camp prisoners. As in the majority of German industries, the company’s management has a technocratic approach and is focused on efficiency. The use of forced labour is tacitly approved and accepted. During the Third Reich, forced labourers must work in deeply distressing conditions. Today, BMW is painfully aware of the great human suffering caused by this, and deeply regrets the fate of the forced labourers. 1945 Reconstruction difficulties. After the Second World War, allied soldiers requisitioned and occupied the BMW plants. Since BMW had been classified as an armaments company, the machines and tools were dismantled. From 1945 onwards stopgap production, mainly of kitchen utensils, was started in Milbertshofen as was also the case at the Berlin plant. 1945 The Munich plant is dismantled. In October 1945, the US military government issued a command for dismantling the BMW plants in Munich and Allach. This meant that BMW lost the power of disposal over its assets until 1949, and in Allach this loss of control in fact lasted until 1955. A large proportion of the intact machines were dismantled at the Munich-Milbertshofen plant and shipped all over the world as reparations. 1948 A motorcycle from nothing. The BMW R 24. The first BMW vehicle to take to the road after 1945 was the R 24 motorcycle, introduced in March 1948; it was a developed version of the pre-war R 23 model. Shortages of materials and machinery delayed series production until December 1948, but the sales success of the R 24 then exceeded all expectations, and 9,144 were sold in 1949 alone. 1951 The BMW 501. The first post-war BMW automobile. BMWs first post-war automobile was the 501, built from 1952 onwards. A large saloon capable of seating up to six people, it was powered by a developed version of the six-cylinder engine used in the pre-war BMW 326. As a luxury car, the BMW 501 was not a commercial success, but it none the less restored BMWs status as a manufacturer of high-quality, technically exciting cars. 1959 BMW remains independent. As the 1950s progressed, the position of the company became increasingly precarious. At the end of 1959, Daimler-Benz submitted a restructuring offer for BMW subject to a time limit for acceptance. But small shareholders and the workforce rejected this offer at the Annual General Meeting held on 9 December. Their perseverance and his confidence in the BMW 700 motivated Herbert Quandt to expand his package of shares. After the government provided some temporary financial assistance, BMW was restructured under Quandt’s management in the following year. 1961 The New Class makes a breakthrough. BMW exhibited the 1500 model at the 1961 German Motor Show, and with it penetrated a gap in the market. This was the model that re-established BMW as a successful, modern carmaker. The design of the four-door touring car immediately generates excitement, and orders far exceed production capacities. By 1963, the company is able to record a profit once more. 1967 New location: the plant group Dingolfing. In the mid-1960s, the BMW Munich plant reached the limit of its capacity. BMW initially drew up plans for the construction of new facilities but then purchased crisis-ridden automotive company Hans Glas GmbH together with its locations in Dingolfing and Landshut. Both sites were restructured and the biggest BMW plant in the world was created at Dingolfing in the subsequent decades. 969 Motorcycles to Berlin. BMW urgently needed more space at the Munich plant to meet the demands of expanding automobile production. In 1969, production of BMW motorcycles was therefore transferred to Berlin-Spandau. At the start of the 1970s, BMW launched a series of new models. The representatives of the /5 Series were the first BMW motorcycles to be manufactured completely at the Berlin-Spandau facility. 1970 The Herbert Quandt Foundation. BMW AG founded the Herbert Quandt Foundation to celebrate the landmark 60th birthday of its major shareholder. It developed into a foundation with an international reputation as a sponsor for transfer of knowledge and experience across the Atlantic. After the Cold War came to an end, the foundation also became an important platform for promotion of understanding between East and West, as well as within an expanded Europe. 1971 BMW Kredit GmbH. BMW Kredit GmbH was set up as a new BMW subsidiary company to provide finance for the company’s own transactions and most importantly for the dealerships. The new company formed the foundation stone for the burgeoning finance and leasing business, which remains a crucial element in the company’s success.